Science

Nature and Science Of Our Ingredients

The benefits of ingredients described here are based on peer-reviewed scientific articles. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information and products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

 

Almond (Prunus dulcis):

  • Helps fight skin aging.
  • Helps reduce the itching of striae and prevent their progression.
  • Helps prevent structural damage from UV irradiation.
  • Helps decelerate photoaging process.
  • possible role in skin barrier repair.

Source:

  • Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan;19(1):70.
  • Hajhashemi M, Rafieian M, Boroujeni HA et al. The effect of Aloe vera gel and sweet almond oil on striae gravidarum in nulliparous women. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017:1–6.
  • Sultana Y, Kohli K, Athar M et al. Effect of pre-treatment of almond oil on ultraviolet B-induced cutaneous photoaging in mice. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2007; 6:14–19.

 

Aloe (Aloe barbadensis) leaf:

  • Improves scalp dryness, irritation, and itching.
  • Improves hair tensile strength.
  • Flavinoids and Alakaloids help inhibit the growth of microbes.
  • It contains natural bioactive compounds, including pyrocatechol, saponins, acemannan, anthraquinones, glycosides, oleic acid, and phytol, that help wound healing.
  • Sun-protecting properties.

Source:

  • Umar, Sanushi & Noreen, Sana. (2020). A Close Look at Aloe Vera Barbadensis and Its Effect on Hair Health.
  • Madan A, Arun A, Verma S. A noncomparative open-label pilot study to see the efficacy and consumer response of Vegetal Hair Well in preventing hair fall and promoting hair growth. International†Journal†of†Advanced†Research 2014;2(2):475-81.
  • Grundmann O. Aloe vera gel research review. An overview of its clinical uses and proposed mechanisms of action. Natural†Medicine†Journal†2012;4(9).
  • Vardy AD, Cohen AD, Tchetov T. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of Aloe vera (AƆbarbadensis®†emulsion in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. J Derm†Treatment†1999;10(1):7-11.
  • Feily A, Namazi MR. Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review. G†Ital†Dermatol Venereol†2009;144(1):85-91.
  • Noreen S, Khan SJ, Chouhdary S, et al. Evaluation of Aloe†vera†barbadensis for its antimicrobial, phytochemical, and ethnobotanical status. J†Med†Plants Res†2012;6(49):5876-80.
  • Daud FS, Kulkarni SB. Comparative evaluation of photo-protective effect of Aloe vera Tourn. ex Linn. on UV damage in different Asian hair types. Indian Journal†of†Natural†Products†and†Resources†2011;2(2):179-83.
  • Shedoveva A, Leavesley D, Upton Z et al. Wound healing and the use of medicinal plants. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019; 2684108.

 

Amla (Phyllanthus emblica, Phyllanthus officinalis):

  • Rich source of Vitamin C.
  • Shown to have anti-fungal, and anti-microbial effects.
  • Reduced graying of hair.

Source: Mysore V, Arghya A. Hair Oils: Indigenous Knowledge Revisited Int J Trichology. 2022 May-Jun; 14 (3):84-90.

 

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca):

  • Anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Anti-microbial effect.
  • Anti-acne effect.
  • Antioxidant effect.
  • Fights free radicals and promotes skin barrier function.

Source: Akhone M, Bains A, Tosif M et al. Apricot Kernel: Bioactivity, Characterization, Applications, and Health Attributes. Foods 2022, 11, 2184.

 

Argan (Argania spinosa):

  • Helps decrease damage caused to hair by hair coloring.
  • Skin barrier repair.
  • Anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Wound healing properties.

Source:

  • Sharifi N, Hamedeyazdan S, Shokri J et al. Argan oil as a pretreatment of human hair before exposure to oxidative damage:attenuated total reflectance and protein loss studies. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 Oct;21(10):5010-5017.
  • Faria PM, Camargo LN, Carvalho R et al. Hair protective effect of Argan oil (Argania spinosa kernel oil) and Cupuassu butter (Theobroma grandiflorum seed butter) post treatment with hair dye. Journal of cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications. 2013; Vol.3 No.3A 40-44.

 

Arnica (Arnica montana):

  • Antioxidant activity.
  • Protects skin cells against cell membrane damage.
  • Reduces hydrogen peroxide induced oxidate stress.
  • Helps reduce skin inflammation, increases myofibroblasts growth during skin repair when used with microcurrent therapy.
  • May help accelerate healing of bruising.

Source:

  • Craciunescu O, Constantin D, Gaspar A et al. Evaluation of antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of Arnica montana L. and Artemisia absinthium L. ethanolic extracts. Chem Cent J. 2012;6:97.
  • Zacarias CA, Florenziano R, Andrade T et al. Arnica montana L. associated with microcurrent accelerates the dermis reorganisation of skin lesions. Int J Exp Pathol. 2023 Apr; 104(2):81-95.
  • Leu S. Havey J, White LE et al. Accelerated resolution of laser-induced bruising with topical 20% arnica: a rater-blinded randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2010 Sep;163(3):557-63.

 

Avocado (Persea gratissima):

  • Wound healing effect.
  • Possible anti-inflammatory effect.

Source: Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan; 19(1):70.

 

Baobab seed (Adansonia digitata):

  • Antioxidant activity.
  • Anti-microbial activity.

Source: Thompson P, Boamah V, Badu M. In-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of extracts from the pulp and seed of the African baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata L.). Heliyon. 2024 Apr 13;10(8):e29660.

 

Bhringraj (Eclipta Prostata):

  • Increase blood circulation to the scalp and roots.

Source: Sharma A, Mohapatra H, Arora K et al. Bioactive compound-loaded nanocarriers for hair growth promotion: current status and future perspectives. Plants (Basel). 2023 Nove; 12(21):3739.

 

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri):

  • Strengthens hair roots and follicles.
  • Helps better and stronger hair to grow back.

Source: Sharma A, Mohapatra H, Arora K et al. Bioactive compound-loaded nanocarriers for hair growth promotion: current status and future perspectives. Plants (Basel). 2023 Nove; 12(21):3739.

 

Cherry (Prunus avium):

  • Contains flavanols that protect against radiation, moisturize and softens skin.
  • Good source of phenolic acids that help soften skin.

Source: Lara MV, Bonghi C, Famiani F et al. Stone fruit as biofactories of phytochemicals with potential roles in human nutrition and health. Front Plant Sci. 2020 Sep 2;11:562252.

 

Clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata/Syzygium aromaticum):

  • Contains Eugenol-anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, antioxidant, anticancer, wound healing, and insecticidal activities.
  • Contains Eugenyl acetate- antimutagenic, anti-virulence, antibacterial, larvicidal, and anticancer activities.
  • β-Caryophyllene- antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic-like, and local anesthetic properties.
  • α-Humulene- anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity.
  • Inhibits skin inflammation and scarring.

Source:

  • Haro-Gonzalez JN, Castillo-Herrera GA, Martinez-Velazque M et al. Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. myrtaceae):extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health. Molecules. 2021 Oct 22;26(21):6387.
  • Han X, Parker TL. Anti-inflammatory activity of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oil in human dermal fibroblasts. Pharm Biol. 2017;55(1):1619-1622.

 

Fractionated Coconut (Caprylic/capric triglyceride):

  • Increases superficial skin hydration.
  • occlusive emolient to protect superficial skin layers.
  • Reduces activity of Interleukin and reduces inflammation in the skin.
  • Enhances skin barrier function.
  • Increases Filaggrin levels- a protein that helps develop cells of outer layer of the skin and balance its pH.
  • Increases Involucrin- a cell envelope protein that promote skin cell envelope formation.
  • Helps protect against UVB radiation.

Source:

  • Neto A, Balla D, Candido T. et al. Effect of an emollient emulsion containing 15.0% of Caprylic/capric triglyceride on the urocanic acid of the stratum corneum. Life (Basel). 2023 Apr; 13(4):876.
  • Varma SR, Sivaprakasan TO, Arumugam I. et al. In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of virgin coconut oil. J Tradit Complement Med. 2019 Jan;9(1):5-14.

 

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seed:

  • Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Soothes irritated skin.
  • Protects from UV radiation.

Source:

  • Khan A, Mishra A, Hasan SM et al. Biological and medicinal application of Cucumis sativus Linn.- review of current status with future possibilities. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine. 2022 19; 4:843-854.
  • Trejo-Moreno C, Mendez-Martinez M, Zamilpa A. et al. Cucumis sativus aqueous fraction inhibits angiogensin II- induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro. Nutrients. 2018 Mar; 10(3):276.

 

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus):

  • Improves hair luster and bounce in the hair root.
  • Helps increase ceramide level in superficial skin cells (stratum corneum), which helps hold water in the cells and improve skin barrier function.
  • Contains 1,8-Cineole and phenolic acids shown to have anti-aging skin effects in vitro, potent anti-inflammatory properties.

Source:

  • Mamada A, Ishihama M, Fukuda R et al. Changes in hair properties by Eucalyptus extract. J Cosmet Sci. 2008 Nove-Dec;59(6):481-96.
  • Ishikawa J, Shimotoyodome Y, Chen S. et al. Eucalyptus increases ceramide levels in keratinocytes and improves stratum corneum function. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2012 Feb;34(1):17-22.
  • Takagi Y. Efficacy of topical application of a skin moisturizer containing pseudo-ceramide and a eucalyptus leaf extract on atopic dermatitis:a review. J Clin Med. 2024 Mar; 13(6):1749.
  • Moreira P, Sousa F, Matos P et al. Chemical composition and effect against skin alterations of bioactive extracts obtained by the hydrodistillation of Eucalyptus globulus leaves. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Mar 3;14(3):561.

 

Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis):

  • Improves skin hydration.
  • Improves skin barrier function.
  • Contains flavone glycosides and polyphenolic acids (gallic acid and ellagic acid) shown to have anti-aging and moisturizing properties.

Source:

  • Sharifi M, Nourani M, Sanaie S et al. The effect of Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose) oil on inflammatory diseases: a systematic review of clinical trials. BMC Complement Med Ther v.24;2024.
  • Kim H, Park S, Chung D. Effect of oral administration of common Evening primrose sprout (Oenothera biennis L.) extract on skin function improvement in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Mar; 14(3):222.

 

Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens):

  • Helps reduce inflammatory response in the skin.
  • Helps increase collagen deposition in the skin and heal wounds.
  • Potential antioxidant and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) activity.

Source:

  • Boukhatem M, Kameli A, Ferhat M et al. Rose geranium essential oil as a source of new and safe anti-inflammatory drugs. Libyan J Med. 2013; 8: 10.3402.
  • Mahboubi M, Feizabadi M, Khamechian T et al. The effect of Oliveria decumbens and Pelargonium graveolens of healing of infected skin wounds in mice. World J Plast Surg. 2016 Sep; 5(3):259-264.
  • Lohani A, Mishra A, Verma A. Cosmeceutical potential of Geranium and Calendula essential oil: determination of antioxidant activity and in vitro sun protection factor. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019 April;18(2):550-557.

 

Grapeseed (Vitis vinifera):

  • Rich in flavinoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins.
  • Possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activities.
  • Acts as emolient, humectant for skin conditioning.
  • Protects skin cells from UV radiation.
  • Anti-aging properties by stimulating certain genes.
  • Helps wound healing.

Source:

  • Sharafan M, Malinowska M, Ekiert H et al. Vitis vinifera (Vine grape) as a valuable cosmetic raw material. Pharmaceutics. 2023 May; 15(5):1372.
  • Al-Warhi T, Zahran E, Selim S et al. Antioxidant and wound healing potential of Vitis vinifera seeds supported by phytochemical characterization and docking studies. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 May; 11(5):881.

 

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis):

  • Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • Hydrates the skin.
  • Reduces activity of acne.
  • Acts as skin emollient.

Source:

  • Tietel Z, Melamed S, Ogen-Shtern N et al. Topical application of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) wax enhances the synthesis of pro-collagen III and hyaluronic acid and reduces inflammation in the ex-vivo human skin organ culture model. Front Pharmacol. 2024; 15:1333085.
  • Gad H, Roberts A, Hamzi S et al. Jojoba oil: an updated comprehensive review on chemistry, pharmaceutical uses, and toxicity. Polymers (Basel). 2021 Jun; 13(11):1711.

 

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed:

  • Rich in linoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid.

Source:

  • Fratianni F, Amato G, De Feo V et al. Potential therapeutic benefits of unconventional oils: assessment of the potential in vitro biological properties of some Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Brassicaceaed seed oils. Front Nutr. 2023; 10:1171766.

 

Lavender flower (Lavandula angustifolia):

  • Antibacterial properties.
  • Aids in relaxation by its aroma.
  • Improves physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

Source:

  • Silva L, Mendes F, Teixeira F et al. Use of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil as a complementary therapy in adult health care: a scoping review. Heliyon. 2023 May; 9(5):e15446.
  • Batiha G.ES, TeiboJO, Wasef L. et al. A review of the bioactive components and pharmacological properties of Lavandula spices. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol. 2023. 396, 877-900.

 

Lemon peel (Citrus limonum peel):

  • Anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Promotes hair growth.
  • Antioxidant effect.
  • Anticancer effect.
  • Anti-microbial effect.

Source:

  • Klimek-Szczykutowics M, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Citrus linon (Lemon) phenomenon- a review of the chemistry, pharmacological properties, applications in the modern pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries, and biotechnological studies. Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan;9(1):119.
  • Saleem M, Durani A, Asari A et al. Investigation of antioxiant and antibacterial effects of citrus fruits peel extracts using different extracting agents: Phytochemical analysis with in silico studies. Heliyon v.9(4): 2023 Apr PMC1026929.
  • Woo H, Lee S, Kim S et al. Effects of sinapic acid on hair growth promoting in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells via Akt activation. Arch Dermatol Res 309, 381-388 (2017).
  • Woo H, Lee S, Kim S et al. Effects of sinapic acid on hair growth promoting in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells via Akt activation. Arch Dermatol Res 309, 381-388 (2017).

 

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus):

  • Anti-inflammatory effect.
  • Anti-microbial effect.

Source:

  • Han X, Parker T. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie Open 4 (2017) 107-111.
  • Avoseh O, Oyedeji O, Rungqu P et al. Cymbopogon spieces; ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacological importance. Molecules 2015, 20, 7438-7453.

 

Macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia):

  • Good antioxidant properties through free radical scavanging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
  • Enhances skin hydration and reduce skin wrinkles and roughness.

Source:

  • Somwongin S, Chaiyana W. Clinical efficacy in skin hydration and reducing wrinkles of nanoemulsions containing macadamia integrifolia seed oil. Nanomaterial (Basel). 2024 Apr; 14(8):724.

Moringa (Moringa oleifera):

  • High in Oleic acid.
  • Helps remove dirt from the skin.
  • Non-drying properties.
  • Smoothing moisturizer.
  • Leaves skin nongreasy.

Source:

  • Nadeem M, Imran M. Promising features of Moringa oleifera oil: recent updates and perspectives. Lipids Health Dis. 2016; 15:212.

 

Neem (Meliza azadirachta):

  • Mentioned to possess medicinal values in Ayurvedic texts from 1500 BCE-400BCE.
  • Anti-fungal properties.
  • Anti-fungal properties.
  • Helps wound healing.
  • Anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Protects against UVB damage.
  • Contains limonoids such as azadirachtin, gedunin, and nimbolide that are shown to help reduce tumor invasion.

Source:

  • Gopinath H, Karthikeyan K. Neem in dermatology: shedding light on the traditional panacea. Indian J Dermatol. 2021 Nov-Dec; 66(6):706.
  • Nagini S. Neem limonoids as anticancer agents: modulation of cancer hallmarks and oncogenic signalling. Enzymes. 2014 36:131-7.

 

Olive (Olea europaea):

  • Contains many skin-friendly polyphenols.
  • Phenolic compounds in Olive oil is shown to promote wound healing by increasing fibronectin , α-actin expressions, and cell migration without affecting cell cycle changes.
  • Stabilizes free oxygen radicals, hunts for reactive oxygen spieces and thus possesses high anti-oxidant activity.
  • Helps fight skin aging with its regenerative effects at the tissue level.

Source:

  • Gonzalez-Acedo A. Ramos-Torrecillas J, Illescas-Montes R et al. The benefits of Olive oil for skin health: study on effect of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleocanthal on human fibroblasts. Nutrients. 2023 May; 15(9):2077.
  • Romani A, Leri F, Urciuoli S et al. Health effects of phenolic compounds found in Extra-virgin Olive oil, by-products, and leaf of Olea europaea L. Nutrients. 2019 Aug 1;11(8):1776.
  • Melguizo-Rodriguez L, Gonzalez-Acedo A, Illescas-Montes R et al. Biological effects of the olive tree and its derivatives on the skin. Food Func. 2022; 13:11410-11424.

 

Peppermint (Mentha piperita):

  • Possesses anti-fungal, anti-microbial, and anti-aging properties.
  • Increases expression of various growth factors including TGF-β, shortens the period of inflammation by reducing inflammatory cells.
  • Promotes growth of blood vessels to increase blood flow and promote wound healing.
  • Promotes fibroblast production. Fibroblasts secrete collagen and proteoglycans that help wound healing.
  • Increases collagen synthesis.
  • Associated with decreased fatigue, increased body alertness, and mental refreshment.
  • May promote sleep quality, relieve anxiety via modulation of olfactory pathway of the brain.
  • Contains terpenes that increase distribution of substance in stratum corneum.
  • Alters skin permiability and may help in the early stage of hair growth.
  • Helps relieve chronic skin itching.
  • Inhibits human skin cancer cells by inhibiting hyaluronidase activity and restricting tubulin polymerization.

Source:

  • Amirzade-Iranaq M, Tajik M, Takzaree A et al. Topical Mentha piperita effects on cutaneous wound healing: a study on TGF-β expression and clinical outcomes. World J Plast Surg. 2022 Mar; 11(1):86-96.
  • Zhao H, Ren S, Yang H et al. Peppermint essential oil: its phytochemistry, biological activity, pharmacological effect and application. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2022 Oct; (154):113559.
  • Fatima K, Masood N, Wani Z et al. Neomenthol prevents the proliferation of skin cancer cells by restraining tubulin polymerization and hyaluronidase activity. Journal of Advanced Research 2021; 34:93-107.

 

Pomegranate (Punica granatum):

  • Reduces skin’s oxidative stress and inflammation by reducing markers of inflammation in the skin inclusing lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, tyrosinase, and cyclooxygenase-2.
  • Fights against skin damage by formaldehyde. 
  • Contains flavinoids and α-tocopherol that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects.

Source:

  • Hamouda, A.F.; Felemban, S. Biochemical Pilot Study on Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil Extract and Cosmetic Cream on Neurologically Mediated Skin Inflammation in Animals and Humans: A Comparative Observational Study. Molecules 2023, 28, 903.
  • Wang J, Sun M, Yu J et al. Pomegranate seeds: a comprehensive review of traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological properties. Front. Pharmacol. 2024 Jul; 15:1401826.

 

Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica):

  • Anti-microbial effect.
  • Reduces reepithelialization phase and speeds up healing process.
  • Reduces acute inflammation.
  • Contains numeous flavinoids, phenolic acids, betalains, and fatty acids promoting anti-aging properties.

Source:

  • Khemiri I, Hedi BE, Zouaoui NS et al. The antimicrobial and wound healing potential of Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis extracted oil from Tunisia. Evid Based Complement Alernat Med. 2019; 2019:9148782.
  • Bardaa S, Turki Mouna, Khedir SB et al. The effect of Prickly pear, Pumpkin, and Linseed oils on biological mediators of acute inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Biomed Res Int. 2020; 2020:5643465.
  • Abbas EY, Ezzat M, Ramadan N et al. Characterization and anti-aging effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) miller extracts in a D-galactose-induced skin aging model. Food Funct. 2023 Apr 3;14(7):3107-3125.

 

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus):

  • Contains Vitamins A and E, essential for skin maintenance and repair.
  • Creates a lipid barrier (hydrolipidic barrier) that stops skin from losing natural moisture.
  • Lightweight emollient.
  • Protects skin against UV-A and UV-B radiation.
  • Penetrates deep into the skin to replenish intracellular lipids.
  • Can be used as a base for makeup to provide sun protection.

Source:

  • Ispiryan A, Viskelis J, Viskelis P. Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil: a review. Plants 2021; 10:944.
  • Dzidek A, Czerwinska-Ledwig O, Ziembla A et al. Impact of Raspberry seed oil, Sesame oil, and Coconut oil on skin in young women. Cosmetics 2023; 10(6):169.

 

Rice bran (Oryza sativa):

  • Contains skin-friendly Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic, and Linolenic acids.
  • Improves skin barrier function, stratum corneum hydration at the cheek, neck, and arm areas.
  • Improves skin firmness, elasticity of nasolabial folds in humans.
  • Reduces skin pigmentation.
  • Demonstrates anti-aging activity in-vitro anti-aging study.

Source:

  • Leo TK, Tan ESS, Amini F et al. Effect of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ceramides supplementation on improving skin barrier functions and depigmentation: an open label prospective study. Nutrients. 2022 Jul; 14(13): 2737.
  • Kanlayavattanakul M, Louirth N, Chaikul P. Jasmine rice panicle: a safe and effective natural ingredient for skin aging treatments. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 4:193:607-616.

 

Hydrolyzed Rice protein:

  • Smoothens hair surface.
  • Improves damaged parts of hair.
  • Promotes hair growth.
  • Increases expression of hair growth factors.
  • Helps reduce graying of hair.

Source:

  • Centini M, Signori G, Francescon F et al. Rice derivatives in hair protecting. Cosmetics 2023; 10(6):163.
  • Hashemi K, Pham C, Sung C et al. A systematic review:application of rice products for hair growth. J Drugs Dermatol. 2022 Feb 1;21(2):177-185.

 

Rosehip (Rosa canina):

  • Improves skin moisture and elasticity.
  • Improves the appearance of wrinkle in crow’s feet area of the face.
  • Contains polyphenols, vitamins C, E, B, and carotenoids with synergistic effect as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects.

Source:

  • Phetcharat L, Wongsuphasawat K, Winther K. The effectiveness of standardized rose hip powder, containing seeds and shells of Rosa canina, on cell longevity, skin wrinkles, moisture, and elasticity. Clin Inverv Aging. 2015; 10:1849-1856.
  • Marmol I, Sanchez-de-Diego C, Jimenez-Moreno N et al. Therapeutic applications of Rose hips from different rosa species. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun; 18(6):1137.

 

Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis):

  • Helps improve hair growth
  • Antioxidant effect
  • Anti-fungal effect
  • Anti-inflammatory effect

Source:

  • Gupta A, Talukder M, Bamimore M. Natural product for male androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Ther. 2022 Apr;35(4):e15323.
  • Panahi Y, Tahizadeh M, Marzony E et al. Rosemary oil vs minoxidil 2% for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia:a randomized comparative trial. Skinmed. 2015 Jan-Feb;13(1):15-21.
  • Ribeiro-Santos R, Carvalho-Costa D, Cavaleiro C, Costa HS, Albuquerque TG, Castilho MC, et al: A novel insight on an ancient aromatic plant: the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Trends Food Sci Technol 2015; 45: 355–368.

 

Rose otto (Rosa damascena):

  • Contains terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, and anthocyanins with beneficial effects on human health.
  • Has analgestic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • exhibits anti-microbial effects.
  • Contains olfactive compounds that active skin olfactory receptors. This action reduces skin stress biomarkers and may help reduce stress-induced skin fatigue.

Source:

  • Boskabady MH, Shafei MN, Saberi Z et al. Pharmacological effects of Rosa damascena. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2011 Jul-Aug; 14(4): 295-307.
  • Bayhan GI, Gumus T, Alan B et al. Influence of Rosa damascena hydrosol on skin flora (contact culture) after hand-rubbing. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2020; 15:Doc21.
  • Duroux R, Mandeau A, Guiraudie-Capraz G et al. A Rose extract protects the skin against stress mediators: a potential role of olfactory receptors. Molecules. 2020 Oct;25(20):4743.

 

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious):

  • Antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties.
  • Contains Levulinic acid, an essential fatty acid that works as an analgesic and antioxidant.
  • Absorbs quickly into the skin with excellent moisturizing properties.
  • Inhibits UVB radiation induced skin photoaging.

Source:

  • Khemir I, Essghaier B, Sadfi-Zouaoui N et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of seed oil from Carthamus tinctorius L. in the management of skin injuries. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020; 2020: 4103418.
  • Lin TK, Z L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan; 19(1): 70.
  • Zemour K., Labdelli A., Adda A., Dellal A., Talou T., Merah O. Phenol content and antioxidant and antiaging activity of safflower seed oil (Carthamus tinctorius L Cosmetics. 2019;6:55. 
  • Jeong EH, Yang H, Kim JE et al. Safflower seed oil and its active compound acacetin inhibit UVB-induced photoaging. J Microbiol Biotehnol. 2020 Oct 28; 30(10): 1567-1573.

 

Sandalwood (Santalum album, Santalum spicatum):

  • Used topically for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine.
  • Primary constituent is Santalol, inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme that promotes melanin pigment. Over production of melanin causes undesirable skin pigmentation.
  • Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties.

Source:

  • Ali N, Zehra Z, Shamsi A et al. Elucidating the role of Santalol as a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase: in-vitro and in silico approaches. Molecules. 2022 Dec; 27(24): 8915.
  • Moy R, Levenson C. Sandalwood album oil as a botanical therapeutic in dermatology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2017 Oct; 10(10): 34-39.

 

Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum seed):

  • Source of Vitamin E, A, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Pantothenic acid, Ascorbic acid, and Folic acid.
  • Contains Sesamin, a lignan with antioxidant properties.
  • Sesamin is shown to possibly reduce UVB radiation induced inflammation, collagen degradation, and wrinkle formation.

Source: 

  • Wei P, Zhao F, Wang Z et al. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): a comprehensive review of nutritional value, phytochemical composition, health benefits, development of food, and industrial applications. Nutrients. 2022 Oct; 14(19):4079.
  • Lin TY, Wu PY, Hou CW, Chien TY et al. Protective effects of Sesamin against UVB-induced skin inflammation and photodamage in vitro and in vivo. Biomolecules. 2019 Sep; 9(9): 479.
  • Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan 19(1): 70.

 

Sunflower (Healianthus annuus) seed:

  • High in linoleic and oleic acid.
  • Shown to preserve Stratum corneum integrity and improve skin hydration.
  • Enhances lipid synthesis in the skin and improved skin barrier repair.
  • Reduces dryness and scaling.

Source:

  • Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan 19(1): 70.
  • Ilagan F, Letran EL, Policarpio BO. Efficacy and safety of sunflower oil for mild to moderate plaque-type psoriasis: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas, 5(2), 755-773.

 

Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternafolia):

  • Exhibits anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.
  • Reduces acne related inflammation.
  • Topical application improved blood flow around wound.
  • Increases epidermis thickness.

Source:

  • Kairey L, Agnew T, Bowles EJ et al. Efficacy and safety of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil for human health- a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol. 2023; 14: 1116077.

 

Tulsi- Holy Basil (Ocimum Sanctum) Leaf:

  • Protect against stress.
  • Counter metabolic stress.
  • Anti-microbial effect.
  • A powerful adaptogen.

Source:

  • Singh S, Malhotra M, Majumdar DK. Antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum L. fixed oil. Indian J Exp Biol. 2005 Sep;43(9):835-7.
  • Cohen M. Tulsi- Ocimum sanctum: a herb for all reasons. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2014 Oct-Dec;5(4):251-259.
  • Jamshidi N, Cohen M. The clinical efficacy and safety of Tulsi in Humans: a systematic review of the literature. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017; 2017:9217567.

 

Vanilla (Vanila integrifolia):

  • Potent antioxidant.
  • Contains Vanillin that protect cells from oxidative stress and promotes cell migration, helping wound healing.

Source:

  • Sinsuebpol C, Burapapadh K, Chowjaroen V et al. The radical scavenging activity of vanillin and its impact on the healing properties of wounds. J Adv Pharm Techno Res. 2023 Apr-Jun; 14(2):99-104.

 

Tocopherol (Vitamin E):

  • Inhibits lipid peroxidation of bacterial serum resulting in reduced inflammation in acne.

Source:

  • Keen MA, Hassan I. Vitamin E in dermatology. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2016 Jul-Aug; 7(4): 311-315.

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